16S rRNA和COI基因条形码在12种观赏鱼种类鉴定中的应用

16S rRNA and COI Gene Barcodes Applied for Identification of Ornamental Fishes

应用通用引物测定观赏鱼市场上价值较高的红尾金龙鱼、黄尾龙鱼、青龙鱼、珍珠龙鱼、银龙鱼、神仙鱼、非洲珠宝鱼、接吻鱼、珍珠毛足鲈、蓝钻石孔雀、孔雀鱼、锦鲤等12种观赏鱼的16SrRNA基因和COI基因部分序列。应用DNA序列分析软件,对这些基因进行同源性比较和系统发育分析。通过GenBank中的核酸BLAST和BOLD SYSTEMS数据库对这些基因序列进行比对,结果表明16SrRNA基因和COI基因可以在物种水平作为基因条码对亚洲龙鱼、珍珠龙鱼、银龙鱼和神仙鱼等观赏鱼进行准确的鉴别,而且应用COI基因构建的系统发育树比16SrRNA基因更加接近现有的鱼类分类体系。但对形态十分相似的慈鲷等观赏鱼,以及红尾金龙鱼、黄尾龙鱼、青龙鱼等同一个物种不同品系的观赏鱼依靠16SrRNA基因或COI基因都无法准确鉴定,需要研究进化速度更快的DNA基因条码。

Partial sequences of 16 SrRNA genes and mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase subunit I（COI）genes from12 highly valuable ornamental fish species were amplified using universal primers.The species included the red-tail golden arowana,the yellow-tail arowana,the green arowana,Scleropages formosus,Scleropages jardinii,Osteoglossum bicirrhosum,Pterophyllum scalare,Hemichromis letourneuxi,Aulonocara stuartgranti,Helostoma temminkii,Poecilia reticulate and Trichopodus leerii.The homology and phylogenetic analyses on the genes were carried out by using DNA sequence analysis software,and compared with the databases at GenBank and Bold Systems.The sequence analysis indicated that the information on 16 SrRNA and COI genes might be applicable for distinguishing S.formosus,S.jardinii,O.bicirrhosum and P.reticulate from one another.However,the phylogenetic tree constructed with the COIgene would be more closely related to the conventional classification than16 SrRNA.Regardless,the use of 16 SrRNA and/or COIgene was not deemed sufficient to differentiate or identify very similar genera or species,such as cichlids or different lines of a same species,nor among the red-tail arowana,the yellow-tail arowana and the green arowana.It was suggested that DNA barcoding with higher evolution rate be studied to overcome the shortcoming of the current method.