外语效应:证据、机制与前瞻

Foreign-Language Effect:Evidence,Mechanisms and Future Directions

Keysar,Hayamaya和An在2012年发现用外语思考能够降低决策偏差,这一现象被他们称作外语效应。综合近年来的研究,外语效应已被证明是稳定存在的,其研究范围已从最初的风险决策领域逐渐拓展到了其他的决策和判断领域,其表现形式也更加的多样化。虽然研究者们对外语效应的内部机制尚未达成共识,但目前主要存在两种解释:控制加工假设和自动加工假设。外语效应作为一个较为新颖的现象,未来还需要更多的实证支持与探讨。

In 2012, Keysar, Hayamaya and An found that thinking with foreign languages reduces decision biases（name- ly foreign-language effect）. Existed literatures suggest that the foreign language effect is robust, not restricted to risky deci- sion-making but extending to other decision makings and moral judgments. No consensus have been reached on the under- lying mechanism of foreign-language effect, but there are two plausible hypotheses： controlled-processing hypothesis and automatic-processing hypothesis. As an important and promising field, foreign-language effect needs more investigation in the future.