盾构隧道结构健康监测系统设计及若干关键问题的探讨

Design of a Structure Health Monitoring System for Shield Tunnels and Some Key Issues

盾构隧道运营期一般长达50~100a,随着越来越多的跨江、大埋深、大直径、长距离盾构隧道的建成与投入运营,盾构隧道结构健康监测系统已得到高度的重视。文章在对隧道结构健康监测系统调研的基础上,结合盾构隧道的特点,给出了盾构隧道结构健康监测系统的定义,即以盾构隧道结构长期监测为基础,以数据分析和力学分析为主要手段,以验证关键设计参数与指标、结构服役性能评价与预警、合理配置养护资源为主要目标的数据采集、管理与分析综合系统;提出了盾构隧道结构健康监测系统组成,包括:数据采集、传输与存储子系统,数据集成、可视化与预警子系统,数据分析与评价子系统;详细介绍了各个子系统的内容与设计方法;讨论了监测内容与位置的选取、传感器选型、数据综合集成、健康监测可视化、结构健康评价方法以及与维护养护的关系等关键问题及其在上海长江隧道等实际工程中的处理方式;最后对盾构隧道结构健康监测系统的设计与实施提出了一些具体的建议。

The operation of shield tunnels typically lasts for 50-100 years. Recently, the Structural Health Monitor- ing System （SHMS） for shield tunnels has received much attention with more and more river-crossing deep-buried large-diameter long-distance shield tunnels being built in China. Based on a comprehensive review of the current SHMS for tunnels, and considering the design characteristics of shield tunnels, a clear definition is put forward for a Shield Tunnel SHMS （STSHMS）. A STSHMS is a data acquisition, management and analysis system for shield tun- nels, which uses long-term monitoring techniques, data analysis and mechanical analysis, with the aims to verify key design parameters and index, assess and evaluate structure performance and provide a basis for allocating Main- tenance and Rehabilitation （M＆R） resources. The STSHMS comprises three subsystems, i.e., a data acquisition- transmission-storage subsystem, a data integration- visualization-warning subsystem, and a data analysis-assess- ment subsystem. The main contents and design approach of each sub-system are introduced, with a discussion of key issues of determination of monitoring items and locations, sensor selection, data integration, visualization, devel- opment of health assessment methods and the relationship with M＆R, as well as the engineering practice of develop- ing STSHMS in the Shanghai Yangtze River Tunnel Project. Finally, some concrete suggestions are provided for the design and implementation of STSHMS.