隧道施工突水致灾构造及其分类

Geological Structures Inclined to Hazards due to Water Burst in Tunnel Construction and Their Classifications

隧道施工期突水具有普遍性、突发性和灾害严重性等特点,为隧道工程界所广泛关注。文章基于以往隧道施工突水灾害与引发突水灾害的不良地质体之间的关系,总结提出了包括充水(泥水混合充填)岩溶、未胶结富水压性断层强烈挤压破碎带、未胶结富水张性断层、地下向斜蓄水构造、富水顺层错动(节理密集发育岩体)破碎带和充水废弃矿巷等6种可能导致隧道施工突水灾害发生的突水致灾构造;根据突水致灾构造构成、可能的隔水岩土盘类型和工程处理措施适宜性,提出了突水致灾构造分类的三项原则,将突水致灾构造划分成完全充水体构造和裂隙空隙/孔隙含水体构造,并提出了相应工程处理措施。

It has the features of popularity, abruptness and severity for the water burst during tunnel construction, and so wide attention has been paid to it in the field of tunnelling. On the basis of previous experiences with the rela- tionship between hazards due to water burst and unfavorable geological bodies, six kinds of structures that may cause hazards due to water burst are concluded, i.e. water-filled （mixture of mud and water） karst, strongly compres- so-crushed fractured zone in uncemented water-rich compressive fault, uneemented water-rich extensional fault, underground syneline water storage structure, water-rich bedding staggered （developed joint rock mass） fractured zone and abandoned water-filled mine. Three principles for classifications of hazard structures related to water burst are put forward regarding the structure constitutions, water-insulation rock block types and common engineering treatment measures, and it divides the structure inclined to hazard due to water burst into fully water-filled structure and fracture fissure/void water-bearing structure, and corresponding engineering treatment measures are presented.