物权法定缓和的可能性及其边界

Possibility and Its Boundary of Numerus Clausus Relaxation

我国《物权法》第5条物权法定之"法"的字面含义为法律,而"法律"具有多义性,这为物权法定缓和提供了可能空间;体系解释、沿革解释、比较法解释支持缓和的物权法定,生活需要、交易习惯和类型视角的观察表明严格的物权法定具有不周延性。因此,物权法定可以并且应当作出相对宽松的解释。物权法定之"法"以涵盖行政法规,乃至司法解释为妥。物权法定之"法"不包括习惯法;但法院可根据习惯或者交易需要认定物权性权利,在条件成熟时,可以司法解释加以规定,及时修法更佳。在肯认物权法定应当并可以作出宽松解释的背景下,应严守其缓和的界限,在认定物权性权利的过程中需要考虑事实标准、形式标准、实质标准、必要性标准和排除性标准等五项标准。

The article 5 of the Chinese Real Right Law is about the principle of Numerus Clausus.Literally,the ＂law＂in this article means legal rules,which is ambiguous,and in this way the interpretation could be more flexible. We found that it＇s possible to make a relaxed Numerus Clausus through the system interpretation,history interpretation and comparative law interpretation. The observation of life needs,practice of dealings and the type perspective manifested that the strict Numerus Clausus is incomplete,so the Numerus Clausus principle is able to and should be made a relative relaxed interpretation.To be concrete,the ＂law＂of Numerus Clausus Principle could be laws,administrative regulations and judicial interpretations,but the customary law is not included. We should recognize that with the consideration of practice and dealings needs,the court could decide the quasi real right. We could make judicial interpretation or amend the law to deal with it when we have enough experience. Meanwhile,it＇s necessary to stick the boundary line. There are five criteria could be follow in the process,de facto criteria,formal criteria,substantial criteria,necessity criteria and exclusion criteria.