拉丁美洲高等教育市场化及其对中国的启示

The Marketization of Higher Education in Latin America and its Enlightenment to China

拉丁美洲高等教育市场化起始于20世纪六七十年代,由于当时受欧美新自由主义理论的影响,再加上现实需要的增加,很多拉美国家兴起了大量私立高等教育机构,高等教育更像是一种商品被市场化。这给拉美高等教育带来表面入学率的增加与高等教育的繁荣,实则埋下教育不公平、教育管理过分利益化、教学与科研质量下降等隐患,使拉美高等教育变得混乱无序,深陷市场化难以自拔。这些惨痛教训应该被同为发展中国家的中国重视,要把握市场化过程中的"度",在公平与效率、自上而下与自下而上、数量与质量、全球化与本土化这几对辩证关系中明智抉择,寻求平衡点。

The marketization of higher education in Latin American dated roughly from 1960s. Due to the effects of ＂neoliberalism＂ theory in Europe and the United States, combined with the urgent needs of higher education, a lot of private higher educationinstitutions developed in Latin American countries and higher education wasmarketed just like a commodity. The mar- ketization of higher education brings about an increased enrollment rate and a superficial pros- perity of higher education, while it brings hidden troubles to higher education, such as unfair education, too much profit thinking in education management, and the decrease in the quality of teaching and scientific research. This makes higher education in Latin Americanchaotic, and difficult to extricate themselves from the market process. China＇s higher education should at- tach importance to these painful lessons, master the degree of marketization, choose judiciously between fairness and efficiency, top-down and bottom-up development, quantity and quality, globalization and localization, and seek the equilibrium point in those relations.