器与礼的互动:丝织品与先秦礼制发展演变略论

Interaction Between Object and Etiquette: on Emergence and Descendance of the Pre-Qin Ritual System

为探究先秦时期丝织品与礼制发展演变的关系,采用历史研究法、文献研究法并借鉴考古学研究成果,分析先秦礼制形成阶段、成熟阶段、鼎盛阶段、衰败阶段,丝织技术的产生及发展与各阶段礼制发展演变之间的密切关系。先秦时期,丝织品被人们运用在礼仪之中,是身份等级和权力的象征,是维护社会礼仪制度的载体。丝织品与礼之间是一种互动关系:一方面礼的发展促进了丝织生产技术的产生与发展,并将丝织品以更丰富的形式和内涵运用于诸项礼仪中;一方面丝织技术的进步又使得丝织品以更加绚丽的色彩、更多的数量、更加多样的形制被运用到冠、婚、丧、祭、朝聘等诸项礼仪中,以维护礼的运行。

In order to explore the relationship of silk fabric with ritual formation and development in the Pre-Qin Period, historical, literature and archaeological research methods were employed to analyze the close relationship of emergence and development of silk weaving technology with establishment and descendance of the Pre-Qin ritual system in its formation, maturation, culmination and declination stages, respectively. During the Pre-Qin Period, silk fabric was used in ritual activities by people, which was considered as a symbol of nobility and power and a carrier for maintenance of social ritual system. Between silk fabric and ritual is an interactive relationship ; First, the development of etiquette promoted emergence and development of silk fabric production technology, and encouraged uses of silk fabrics with more abundant forms and connotations in various ritual activities; Second, the progress of silk weaving technology enabled uses of silk fabrics with more brilliant colors, more quantity, and more varieties in various ritual activities such as capping ceremony, wedding ceremony, funeral rite sacrifice rite, and Chaopin activity, so as to maintain performance of the etiquette.