我国油橄榄果及初榨橄榄油品质研究

Olive and Virgin Olive Oil Quality Analysis in China

研究了我国8个品种包括鄂植8、城固32、皮削利、莱星、佛奥、阿贝奎纳、皮瓜尔和奇迹油橄榄果及初榨橄榄油的品质。油橄榄果成熟指数介于2.28~6.44,果实纵径和横径分别为15.53~27.18 mm、11.09~19.93 mm,果质量为0.92~5.59 g,果肉率为78.08%~86.82%,含水率为42.39%~63.23%,含油率为15.11%~30.55%。8个品种橄榄油的饱和脂肪酸为14.72%~18.41%,单不饱和脂肪酸和多不饱和脂肪酸质量分数分别为63.93%~80.79%、3.29%~20.03%。橄榄油主要脂肪酸为油酸(62.47%~79.28%)、棕榈酸(11.41%~15.06%)以及亚油酸(2.60%~19.09%)。主要甘油三酯分别为OOO(24.73%~48.24%)、POO(19.25%~27.91%)、LOO(6.63%~21.03%)以及POL+SLL(3.14%~12.99%)。α-生育酚含量为126.18~292.77 mg/kg,β-生育酚与δ-生育酚均不超过10 mg/kg,γ-生育酚分布于8.85~42.50 mg/kg之间。角鲨烯含量为2 709.7~7 856.5 mg/kg;城固32甾醇总量最高,接近3 000 mg/kg。

The aim of this paper was to study the quality of olive and virgin olive oil （8 varieties including Ezhi 8, Chenggu 32, Picholine, Leccine, Frantoio, Arbequina,Picual and Koroneiki） in China. The maturity index of olive was from 2.28 to 6.44. The polar diameter, equatorial diameter and olive weight were 15.53 -27.18 mm, 11.09- 19.93 ram, and 0.92 -5.59 g, respectively. The flesh rate and water content were in the range of 78.08% 86.82% and 42.39% -63.23%, individually. Oil content was ranged from 15.11% to 30.55%. Saturated, mono - unsaturated, and poly - unsaturated fatty acid of the above 8 kinds of olive oils were 14.72% - 18.41% , 63.93% 80.79% , and 3.29%- 20.03% , separately. Oleic acid （62.47% - 79.28% ） , palmitic acid （ 11.41% - 15.06% ） and linoleic acid （2.60% - 19.09% ） were the main fatty acids in olive oils. The major triglycerides in olive oils were OOO of 24.73% -48.24%, POO of 19.25% - 27.91%, LOO of 6.63% -21.03%, and POL ＋ SLL of 3.14% - 12.99% , separately. The content of α - tocopherol was between 126.18 and 292.77 mg/kg and β - and δ - tocopherol content was less than 10mg/kg and content of γ- tocopherol was between 8.85 -42.50 mg/kg. Squalene content was ranged from 2 709.7 to 7 856.5 mg/kg in olive oils. The highest sterol content of Chenggu 32 was close to 3 000 mg/kg.