常见补益类食物性效、宜忌规律探析及其对中医护理的启示

Analysis of the Efficacy and Compatibility and Incompatibility of Common Tonic Foods and Its Enlightenment on Traditional Chinese Medicine Nursing

目的探讨常见补益类食物的性效与病症宜忌等方面的作用特点与规律,为更好地开展中医护理提供依据。方法以目前较为权威的中医食疗学教材中具有补益功效的食物为对象,以《中华本草》为依据,采用SPSS 18.0统计软件建立数据库,对常见补益类食物的四气、五味、归经、毒性、功效、适宜病症及使用注意等方面进行归纳、整理和分析。结果常见补益类食物中,在自然属性方面,蔬菜、果品类的食物数量与肉食、水产类相当;在四气方面,平性、温性居多;在五味方面,甘味最常见;在归经方面,以脾经、胃经、肺经、肾经为主;在功效方面,着重于补气养血,尤其侧重在脾肾二脏;在适宜病症方面,以脾、肾、肺、肝等相关脏腑的常见虚弱病症为主;在使用注意及禁忌方面,普通人群"不宜多食、久食"的食物较为常见,脾胃虚弱、阴虚内热以及体内有痰、湿、热者在选择补益类食物时尤应注意。结论补益类食物广泛存在于日常食物中,与脾、肾最为相关,使用时需辨病、辨症、辨证相结合,因人制宜,并非多多益善。

Objective To explore the characteristics and laws of efficacy and compatibility and incompatibility of common tonic foods, in order to provide reference to the implementation of traditional Chinese medicine nursing.Methods On the basis of the Chinese Materia Medica,the tonic foods of Chinese dietary therapy textbook were analyzed to conclude the laws of properties, tastes, channel entry, toxicity, efficacy, indications,contraindications,and precautions by establishing the database with SPSS18.0. Results The numbers of foods belong to vegetables and fruits were about the same as those belong to meat and aquatic products.The majority of tonic foods were mild and warm in property,and sweet in tastes.In part of chan- nel entry,they mainly act on the meridians of spleen,stomach,lung and kidney.As for efficacy,tonic foods focus on tonifying qi and nourishing blood,especially for the spleen and kidney.Thus,common weak diseases and symptoms about spleen,kidney and lung were the indications of the tonic foods.In tonic foods,there were some foods that ordinary people shouldn＇t eat too much or eat for a long time.For the patients who suffered from deficiency of spleen and stomach,interior heat caused by Yin deficiency and phlegm, dampness and heat in the body,the tonic foods should be chosen discreetly.Conclusions Tonic foods widely exist in daily foods, and are mostly relevant to the spleen and kidney.It should be considered comprehensively with the diseases, symptoms and syndromes while use it for disease treatment.