400名学龄前儿童屈光状态的调查分析

Investigation and analysis of the refractive state of 400 preschool children

目的了解学龄前儿童的屈光状态,便于及时发现屈光异常,从而最大程度减少儿童视力损害。方法 对2015年1月-2016年1月我市3-6岁400名学龄前儿童的屈光状态进行调查,分为3岁、4岁、5岁、6岁四个年龄组,比较不同年龄组的性别分布及视力情况、屈光不正情况（远视、近视、混合散光）。结果 400名学龄前儿童的平均视力为（0.78±0.24）,3岁组（0.58±0.12）,4岁组（0.79±0.25）,5岁组（0.84±0.22）,6岁组（0.91±0.37）,不同年龄组的视力不完全相同。400名学龄前儿童中经屈光检查发现屈光不正49例,屈光异常率12.3%。各组屈光不正发生率分别为3岁组12例（19.7%）,4岁组13例（10.0%）、5岁组13例（11.8%）、6岁组11例（11.1%）,其中3岁组屈光不正的发生率显著高于其他各年龄组,差异具有统计学意义（P〈0.05）。49例屈光不正的学龄前儿童中,远视39例,占79.6%,近视5例,混合散光5例,分别占10.2%。结论学龄前儿童存在屈光不正情况,通过对学龄前儿童进行屈光筛查,可以尽早发现屈光不正,对纠正儿童屈光不正和防治弱视具有重要意义。

Objective To learn refractive status of preschool children to facilitate the timely detection of refractive error ,thus minimizing visual impairment in children. Methods The refractive status of 400 preschool children aged 3-6 years old in our city from January 2015 t0 January 2016 were investigated and divided into 3 years old, 4 years old, 5 years old, 6 years old four age groups. The gender distribution and visual acuity, refractive error （hyperopia, myopia, astigmatism） were compared among the different age groups. Results 400 preschool children＇s average visual acuity was （0.78±0.24）,the vision in different age groups was（0.58±0.12）,（0.79±0.25）,（0.48±0.22）,（0.91±0.37）, and there were differences in vision among different age groups. Among the 400 preschool children, 49 cases had ametropia and refractive error rate was 12.3%. The incidence of refractive errors in each group was 12 cases （19.7%）,13 cases （10.0%）,13 cases （11.8%）,11 cases（11.1%）. The incidence of ametropia was significantly higher in the 3-year-old group than that in other age groups （P〈0.05）. Among 49 cases of refractive errors in preschool children, 39 cases were hyperopia, accounting for 79.6%, with 5 cases of myopia, 5 cases of astigmatism, accounting for 10.2%, respectively. Conclusion The results show that preschool children have refractive errors, and refractive errors can be found as soon as possible through refractive screening of preschool children. It is of great significance to correct the refractive errors in children and the prevent amblyopia through refractive screening.