日本社区综合护理体系研究

A Study on Japan's Community Comprehensive Nursing System

应对2025年人口老龄化高峰期的到来,日本政府为了方便老年人在自己住惯了的社区接受医疗护理服务,对原有的护理保险制度和医疗保险制度进行了改革,加强了医疗与护理的联系。在护理保险制度中引进定期巡回随时应对型上门护理和复合型护理服务两项新型护理形式;在医疗保险制度改革中通过病床的分化与合作,促进居家医疗;住宅政策中创建附带服务功能的老年住宅。过去的医疗护理政策主要考虑护理供给方的立场,积极建设护理设施,而此次的社区综合护理体系考虑更多的是老年人的立场,将医疗、护理、预防、居住、生活支援有机结合起来方便老年人接受社区综合护理。在市町村主导下,日本正在构建自助、互助、共助、公助相结合的,由全社会共同支撑的社区综合护理体系。

With the coming of population peak in 2025,Japanese government has reformed the original nursing insurance and medical care insurance system,so as to strengthen the connection between medical care and nursing.In the nursing insurance system,two kinds of new nursing type which were regular tour ready to respond to home care and composite type of nursing service had been introduced.In the reform of medical insurance system,Japan promoted home medical care by the differentiation and cooperation of the hospital bed.It also built old houses with a service function in housing policy.The mainly considers of the past medical care policy were the position of nursing supply side and actively construct nursing facilities,while this time the community comprehensive nursing system consider more position of the elderly,organic combing medical,nursing,prevention,residence and life support in order to provide convenient community comprehensive nursing for the elderly.Under the guidance of municipalities,Japan is in the process of constructing self-help,mutual help,mutual aid,combining and subsidized by the state,by the whole society and common support community comprehensive nursing system.