计算机博弈的研究与发展

Research and development of computer games

计算机博弈是人工智能领域重要而极具挑战性的研究方向。本文首先回顾了计算机博弈的发展历程,以及国内外的计算机博弈赛事情况,各种竞赛为计算机博弈技术的发展提供了一个技术验证与学术交流的平台。然后介绍了计算机博弈系统的构成,一个博弈系统包括博弈平台、博弈树搜索、局面评估、着法生成、机器学习等多方面技术;重点阐述了极大极小搜索、剪枝搜索、蒙特卡罗搜索等常用算法的原理与特点;对局面评估方法和各种优化算法也进行了分析,其中的并行计算、遗传算法和基于神经网络的深度学习算法等都是提升机器智能的有效方法。最后,分析了计算机博弈研究面临的问题,并展望了未来的发展方向与趋势。

Computer gaming is one of the most important and challenging research directions in the field of Artificial Intelligence （AI）. First, this paper reviewed the development of computer games, and the competitions in China and abroad. All types of competitions provide a platform of technical verification and academic communication for the development of computer game technology. Second, the computer game system was introduced, which includes the game platform, the game tree search, the situation evaluation, the move generation, the machine learning and other technologies. The principles and features of the typically used algorithms were stated, such as the Minimax searching algorithm, the pruning searching algorithm, the Monte Carlo searching algorithm, and so on. The situation evaluation method and many optimization algorithms were also analyzed, among which, parallel computing, the genetic algorithm and the deep learning algorithm, based on a neural network, were effective methods to promote machine intelligence. Finally, the challenges of computer games were analyzed, and the development and future trends were proposed.