中央苏区的苏维埃政权建设研究

A Study of the Regime Construction in the Central Soviet Area

苏区时期,中共以起源于苏俄的苏维埃理论为指导,建立了苏维埃政权。但外来的苏维埃理论和中国农村的实情未能充分契合,苏维埃的实际建立和运行,同中共在理论上的预设存在差距,从而出现了富农操纵工农政权、领导干部官僚作风严重、军队凌驾于政权之上、党政不分等众多问题,其中最主要的就是以党代政。中共当时并未认识到出现问题的深层历史原因,尽管后来又对苏维埃进行了改造,但弊端依然存在。

In the Soviet Period, the Communist Party of China established soviet regimes under the guidance of Russian soviet theory. However, due to the gaps between the foreign theory and the realities of Chinese rural area, the establishment and operation of the soviet regimes showed differences with what the CPC had presupposed. There were such irregularities as rich peasants＇ manipulation, the bureaucracy of CPC cadres, predominance of army over regime, functional confusion between the Party and the regime, of which the last is most serious. Unfortunately, the CPC failed to recognize the deep historical reasons for such problems. Though it reformed the soviet regimes, there were still malpractices.