从认知对制度选择的影响诠释日本雇用制度演化

Interpreting the Evolution of Japanese Employment System from the Influence of Cognition on the Choice of System

日本传统雇用制度一般被认为是在"稳定雇用"理念下,对正式员工维持长期雇用的习惯及所提供的劳动条件。新古典经济学的厂商理论不但无法解释日本传统雇佣制度的产生与存续,而且还与日本雇用的典型化事实产生了矛盾。通过回顾战后70年日本雇用制度的演化我们可以观察到其与主流经济思想的转变具有高度相关性。经济思想通过对企业经营者与劳动者关系认知的影响推动了雇用制度的演化。本文以"经济思想——认知——制度选择"为分析框架诠释了日本传统雇用制度的产生及其演化原因,进而指出对核心员工的终身雇用与对边缘劳动力的非正式雇用符合企业利益,因此,这一"二重雇用结构"将在未来一段时期内作为日本雇用制度的主要特征而存在。

Japanese traditional employment system is generally considered to be in the stable employment concept, maintain long-term employment habits with the formal staff and provide labor conditions. Neo classical economic theory of the firm not only can＇t explain the emergence and survival of Japanese traditional employment system, but also has produced a contradiction with the typical facts of the employment of Japan. By reviewing the evolution of Japan＇s employment system in the 70 years after the war, we can see that the evolution of the Japanese employment system is highly correlated with the change of the mainstream economic thought. Economic thought has an influence on the evolution of employment system through the influence of the cognition of the relationship between business operators and employees. Based on the Economic Thought-Cognition-System Choice as the analytical framework, this article interpret the causes of formation and evolution of Japanese traditional employment system, and points out that the lifetime employment with core employees and the informal employment with labor on the edge conform to the interests of enterprises, so that the dual employment structure will be the main features of the Japanese employment system in the next period of time.