提高退休年龄的就业效应研究——日本的经验与借鉴

Research on the Employment Effects of Increasing the Retirement Age: Japan's Experience and Reference

日本是世界人口老龄化比较严重的国家之一。人口老龄化不仅导致劳动力供给不足,而且导致养老金支出水平不断上升,极大加重了政府财政负担并影响养老金长期收支平衡及可持续性。在这种情况下,日本从2013年开始逐步提高退休年龄。本文对人口老龄化背景下日本提高退休年龄政策及其就业效应进行了实证研究,研究发现提高退休年龄对就业尤其是青年人就业的挤出效应十分有限。日本的经验表明提高退休年龄并不会对青年人就业产生不良影响。借鉴日本的经验,我国应尽快提高退休年龄以有效应对人口老龄化给社会经济特别是社会保障制度可持续发展带来的严峻挑战。

Japan is one of the more serious aging population countries in the world. Population aging not only result in insufficient labor supply, but also lead to rising pension expenditures, greatly increase the financial burden of the Government and affect pensions long term balance and sustainability. In this case, Japan beginning in 2013 and gradually raising the retirement age. Paper under the aging population background, Japan raising the retirement age and studies the employment effects, the study found that raising the retirement age on employment, particularly youth employment, crowding out is very limited. Japan＇s experience shows that early retirement age is unlikely to adversely affect the employment of young people. In view of this, draw lessons from Japan＇s experience in China should raise the retirement age as soon as possible in order to effectively respond to population ageing for socio-economic challenges to sustainable development of social security system in particular.