建设公交都市:基于产权及城市规划的视角——北京与东京出行结构差异分析

Toward a Transit Metropolis: Perspective on Property Rights and Urban Planning——Comparison of Traffic Trip Structure Between Beijing and Tokyo

本文在对北京和东京交通出行结构进行比较的基础上,用出行方式选择模型说明不同的出行结构都是人们理性选择的结果。传统的交通拥堵治理思路是,让小汽车承担交通拥堵和空气污染的外部成本,来促使人们选择绿色交通出行。一种更包容的治理思路是产权的治理思路,这不仅考虑小汽车外部成本的权利配置对出行方式选择的影响,而且考虑城市空间资源配置对出行结构的影响。城市规划是规划城市空间资源的配置方式,其本质上是产权的配置,其中,交通便利性权利配置和空间便利性权利配置,会改变不同交通出行方式的效用曲线,从而决定人们的出行结构。这种思路或对如何引导公众选择绿色交通方式出行,建设公交都市提供有益启示。

Based on the comparison of the traffic trip structure between Beijing and Tokyo, this paper makes a trip modes choice model to show that traffic structures are rational choices of people. The traditional views of easing traffic congestion is making the ear users bearing the costs of traffic jam and air pollution to let people choose green commuting. A more inclusive view is based on property rights, which includes not only the impact of the fights allocation of external costs of car using, but the impact of urban space resource allocation. Urban planning is the allocation of urban space resources which is in fact the allocation of property rights. The allocation of fights of traffic convenience and spatial convenience will change the utility curves of different trip modes and the trip mode structure choices. This line of thinking can shed some light on how to guide people to choose green commuting in large cities, and how to go toward a transit metropolis.