基于机会成本和生态系统服务价值的闽江流域生态补偿标准研究

Research on Ecological Compensation Standard in Minjiang River Basin Based on Opportunity Cost and Ecosystem Service Values

流域生态补偿标准的测算是目前国内生态补偿领域的研究重点之一,确定上游地区生态环境保护成本是测算生态补偿标准的核心内容。通过分析流域生态补偿存在的问题,建立了基于机会成本和生态系统服务价值的流域生态补偿标准计算方法,并从理论补偿标准入手,引入生态补偿系数,以闽江流域为例,对2005—2014年流域上游地区保护成本及生态服务价值进行测算,测算了闽江流域下游城市应该对上游地区给予生态补偿的补偿量。结果表明:下游必须给上游补偿的资金下限值为1.477 42~3.242 50亿元。针对补偿标准测算结果提出了相应的对策措施,即建立多元化的补偿资金筹措渠道,实现市场机制与政府主导相结合的生态补偿模式。

The calculation method about the standard of ecological compensation was the focus on the current domestic ecological compensation areas.To determine the cost of ecology environmental protection in upstream areas is the core of ecological compensation.Based on the existing problems of ecological compensation,the basic conception of ecological compensation standard based on opportunity cost and the value of ecosystem services was applied.The ecological compensation coefficient was introduced based on the theory of compensation standard.Taking the Minjiang River Basin as the example,the protection costs and the values of ecosystem services of upper reaches for Minjiang River Basin from 2005 to 2014were estimated.The result shows that the lower paying compensation to upstream area is between 147.742 million Yuan and 324.250 million Yuan.Corresponding to it,some suggestions are put forward such as establishing the diversified financial channels for compensation,and adopting combination mode of ecological compensation mechanism and government-led market.