北京市三级综合医院住院贫血患者临床特征分析

Analysis on the clinical characteristics of hospitalized patients with anemia in the third-class comprehensive hospital in Beijing City

目的初步分析北京市三级综合医院住院贫血患者的临床特征。方法选取2015年7月~2016年7月在清华大学附属北京市垂杨柳医院住院的10 152例患者中3870例贫血患者的资料,按年龄、性别、科室分布情况进行回顾性分析。结果住院患者中,贫血患者达38.12%,男性贫血患者占29.72%,与女性贫血患者(49.11%)比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。轻、中度贫血患者占97.47%;重度、极重度贫血患者占2.53%。贫血患者主要分布在血液科、产科、肿瘤科、肾内科、消化科、呼吸科、心内科等科室,原发于血液系统疾病的贫血患者占9.77%,继发于其他系统疾病的贫血患者占90.23%;其中继发于产科疾病、肿瘤、肾病、消化系统疾病、呼吸系统疾病、心血管系统疾病的贫血患者共计2393例,占61.83%。结论三级综合医院住院患者贫血发生率较高,且女性贫血患者明显多于男性贫血患者,但因临床症状常不明显,仅表现为轻中度贫血,且在各科室中分布不一,应引起各临床科室医生的高度重视。

Objective To analyze the clinical characteristics of hospitalized patients with anemia in the third-class comprehensive hospital preliminarily. Methods The clinical data of 3870 cases of patients with anemia among 10 152 hos- pitalized patients in Beijing Chuiyangliu Hospital Affiliated to Tsinghua University from July 2015 to July 2016 was se- lected, and they were analyzed retrospectively according to the conditions of age, gender and depament distribution. Results Among the hospitalized patients, the percentage of patients with anemia reached to 38.12%, among which, the percentage of male patients with anemia was 29.72%, which had statistically significant difference compared with that of female＂ patients with anemia （49.11%） （P 〈 0.05）. The patients with anemia were mainly distributed in the hematologi- cal department, obstetrical department, oncology department, nephrology department, gastroenterology department, res- piratory department and cardiology department. The patients with anemia from primary hematological diseases account- ed for 9.77% and 90.23% of patients with anemia were secondary to other diseases, among which, total 2393 cases （61.83%） of patients with anemia were secondary to obstetrical disease, cancer, kidney disease, digestive system dis- ease, respiratory system disease and cardiovascular disease. Conclusion The incidence of hospitalized patients with anemia in the third-class comprehensive hospital is high, and female patients are significantly more than male patients. However, the clinical characteristics are often not obvious, the patients show mild to moderate anemia, and the distribu- tion in different departments is not the same, which＇should be paid more attention during the clinical doctors.