我国财险市场的规模效应和范围效应分析

Scale and Scope Economies in Chinese Property and Liability Insurance Industry

在产业经济学的研究框架下，采用2012—2014年我国所有财险公司的数据对Translog生产函数的参数进行估计，分析我国财险市场中的规模效应和范围效应。模型以各险种的保费收入或保险赔付作为公司的产出，以租金和工资作为要素投入，以手续费与佣金支出、业务及管理费等作为保险公司的运营成本。模型结果显示，以保费收入度量财险公司的产出时，资产规模在30亿元以上的大中型财险公司规模不经济，而小型财险公司规模经济；以保险赔付度量财险公司的产出时，除2013年的大中型财险公司的结果以外，各财险公司的样本数据均出现了规模经济。本文结果还显示，同时开展多项业务一般具有范围效应。

The study applied the Translog model to the data of Chinese property and liability insurance companies over the period 2012 -2014 following the research framework of industrial economics. The study measured premium income or insurance claim payment as the output of the insurance companies, rent and wage as the input factors, and handling fee and commission and business acquisition expenses as the operating cost of insurance company. The re- sult exhibited that large insurance companies with an asset size more than 3 billion RMB had scale diseconomy when measuring premium income as output, while small insurance companies had scale economy. When measuring insurance claim payment as output, all insurance companies demonstrated scale economy except for the large and medium-sized companies in 2013. The study also discovered that there was usually the scope effect for multi-line insurers.