采收方式对周口烟区烤烟上部叶烘烤效果的影响

Effects of Harvesting Methods on the Upper Leaves Curing in Zhoukou Tobacco Area

[目的]研究不同采收方式对周口烟区烤烟上部叶烘烤效果的影响。[方法]采用对比试验,分别对常规采烤(T_1)、上部叶一次性采烤(T_2)、带茎烘烤(T_3)3种采烤方式的农艺性状、化学成分、经济效益进行了研究。[结果]除叶长差异较大外,不同处理大田烟叶农艺性状差异不大;不同处理烤后烟叶化学成分烤后烟的烟碱含量为2.58%~2.68%,总氮含量从高到低依次为T_1、T_2、T_3,还原糖与总糖的含量从高到低依次为T_2、T_1、T_3,氯含量较低,T_3比T_2高出0.08百分点;T1处理单叶重最重(13.15 g),产量也最高,比T_2处理高70.2 kg/hm^2,上等烟的比例与中等烟的比例从高到低依次为T_3、T_2、T_1,其中T3处理中等烟的比例比T_1处理高4.97百分点,比T_2高0.73百分点;T3处理上等烟比例比T1处理高4.97百分点,比T_2处理高0.67百分点;T3处理的均价比T1处理高0.49元/kg,比T_2处理高0.08元/kg。[结论]带茎烘烤有明显的经济优势,其烤后烟叶的品质较好,经济价值较高。

[ Objective ] To research the effects of harvesting methods on the upper leaves curing in Zhoukou Tobacco Area. [ Method ] Comparative test method was adopted to research and analyze the agronomic characters, chemical components and economic benefits of three harvesting methods, which were conventional curing （T1）, one-time upper leaf curing （T2 ） and curing with stalk （T2 ）. [ Result] Except that the leaf length had relatively great differences, different treatments showed little differences in field agronomic characters of tobacco leaves. Nicotine content in flue-cured tobacco was 2.58 - 2.68% ;nitrogen contents in three treatments from high to low were in the order of T1, T2 and T3. The contents of reducing sugar and total sugar from high to low were in the order of T2, T1 and T3. Chlorine content was relatively low, T3 treatments was 0.08 percentage points higher than T2 ;single leaf weight in T1 was the maximum （ 13.15 g） ;yield was the highest in T1 treatment, which was 70.2 g higher than that in T2 treatment. Proportions of first-class tobaccos and middle-class tobaccos from high to low were in the order of T3 , T2 and T1. Proportion of middle-class tobaccos in treatment T3 was 4.97 percentage points higher than that in T1, and 0.67 percentage points higher than that in T2. Average price in T3 treatment was 0.49 and 0.08 yuan/kg higher than those in T1 and T2, respectively. [ Conclusion] Curing with stalk has obvious economic advantages, the flue-cured tobacco leaves has high quality and economic value.