小河毛织机的探索

A Studv of Wool Looms in Xiaohe Cemetery

古代纺织资料和现代民族学纺织资料,虽无直接渊源关系,但两者之间应该存在地域纺织技术的传承,所以在研究史前时期纺织技术或工具时,借助当地或者临近地区的民族学资料作为参考和进行比较,是一种较为可信的研究方法。本文首先分析了小河墓地出土的毛布,其经头、经尾和两侧幅边反映了织物在布轴和织轴上的处理形式;其次对新疆各地少数民族的简易织带地机做了深入的调查和研究,认为这种地机与处在新疆毛纺织业发展初期阶段的小河居民毛纺织业的生产能力是相适宜的。在此基础上,根据最少添加和最低功能原则,探索复原出小河织机的形制。并根据织机的一般发展规律,利用新疆民俗材料佐证,认为小河时期的毛织机是无综地织机。

There is no direct traceable relationship between the ancient and modem ethnological textile materials but the regional textile technology should be succeeded. Therefore, it is a more credible method of taking local or nearby ethnological materials as reference and comparison in studying the textile technology or tool of prehistoric times. Firstly, the paper makes an analysis on the woolen unearthed from Xiaohe cemetery. Both the two warp ends and weft edges of the fabric reflect the arrangement form of the weft and warp bobbins. Secondly, the paper makes a thorough investigation and research on simple ribbon ground looms of Xinjiang minorities. It considers that this kind of looms is suitable to the production capacity of Xiaohe residents at the early development stage of Xinjiang wool textile manufacture. Based on that, the shape and structure of wool looms in Xiaohe cemetery are restored in accordance with the principle of least adding and lowest function. According to the general development law of looms and Xinjiang folk materials, it can be concluded that wool looms in Xiaohe cemetery are ground looms without heddles.