信息条件下城市出租车乘客等待时间测算模型

Calculation Model of Taxi Passenger's Waiting Time under Information Condition

打车软件使信息条件下的城市出租车运营特征明显区别于传统巡游模式,为了准确测算出在此信息条件下出租车乘客的等待时间,首先由交通小区实载出租车的到发量关系将各小区划分为饱和、平衡及不饱和小区,然后考虑信息条件对空驶出租车搜索行为的影响以预测出空驶出租车分布矩阵,最终根据出租车的单次空驶时间与乘客单次等待时间守恒关系构建出各小区乘客的平均等待时间模型。在数值实验中,在同一网络里与传统背景下均衡模型对比可知打车软件对不同小区的乘客等待时间影响不同。对于饱和及平衡小区,乘客单次平均等待时间缩短了65%,对于未饱和小区乘客单次平均等待时间增加了23%~58%,同时该区域出租车空驶率降低。计算结果表明：打车软件能增强信息透明度,降低出租车空驶率,对乘客等待时间有一定的影响,可提供对打车软件的引导及管理的决策依据。

The operation characteristics of urban taxis were distinguished from those of traditional cruise mode with the information provided by taxi-hailing apps. In order to accurately calculate the average passenger’s waiting time in each zone,the traffic zones were divided into saturation zone,instauration zone and equilibrium zone according to the relationship of arrival and departure quantity of load taxis firstly. And then,the distribution matrix of vacant taxi could be forecasted,considering the effect produced by information condition on searching behavior. Finally,the model of passenger’s average waiting time in each zone was established,according to the equilibrium relationship between taxi single vacant time and passenger’s single waiting time. In the numerical experiment,comparing with the equilibrium model in traditional background,the influence of taxi-hailing apps on the passenger’s waiting time in different zone was different in the same network. The passenger’s single average waiting time was reduced by 65% in saturation zone and equilibrium zone. However,it was increased by 23% to 58% in instauration zone; meanwhile,taxi unloaded ratio in this zone was reduced. The calculation results reveal that tax-hailing apps contribute to information transparency,reduce taxi unload ratio and have certain effect on passenger’s waiting time,which could offer some beneficial guidance and theoretic basis to the planning and management of urban taxi-hailing apps.