遗传和温度因素对鱼类性别分化相关基因表达及性别比例的影响

Effects of inheritance and temperature on sex determination and differentiation related genes and sex ratio in fish:a review

鱼类的性别决定机制较为复杂,是遗传和环境共同作用的结果,具有很大的可塑性。随着分子生物技术的不断更新,对鱼类性别决定及分化相关基因的鉴定和研究有了新的进展,环境因子如温度、光照、p H、低氧、水压等均能影响大多数鱼类的性别决定和分化过程。本研究中,阐述了鱼类遗传型性别决定(GSD)和温度依赖型性别决定(TSD)方式,并对TSD与遗传型性别加温度影响(GSD+TE)性别决定机制下,性别决定相关基因在雌雄异型中的表达及结合温度诱导性逆转进行概述,分析了温度对鱼类性别比例的影响,并提出今后应加强对性别决定基因的鉴定、解析和基因功能研究,为科学制定鱼类繁殖计划提供指导。

Mechanisms of sex determination in fish are complex and changeable procedures, and usually depend on interactions between genetic and environmental factors. Great progress in identification and characterization of fish sex determination and differentiation related genes has been made with the development of molecular biotechnology. It has been shown that sex determination and differentiation are influenced by environmental factors including tem-perature , photoperiod, pH , hypoxia, and water pressure in most fishes. Types of sex determination and differentia-tion, genetic sex-determination（GSD ） and temperature-dependent sex determination（TSD ） , are proposed. Sex determination and differentiation is largely affected by temperature. The current advances on molecular players are reviewed, including Sox9, Dmrt 1, Amh, Foxl2 , and aromatase genes, which are involved in sex determination and differentiation in fish temperature-dependent sex determination and dilierentiation, including temperature-de-pendent sex determination and genetic sex-determination plus temperature effects are emphasized. T he influence of temperature on sex ratio of fish is discussed to provide valuable insights for elucidation of mechanisms of sex deter-mination and diSerentiation in fish and for design of better fish breeding and reproduction programs in farmed fish.