基于特定材料的冲击弹性波传播规律探析

Propagation law of impact elastic wave based on specific materials

为了更好地研究冲击弹性波在平台上的传播规律,选用特定的各向同性材料和各向异性材料搭建实验平台,探究冲击弹性波在平台上的传播规律。以环氧玻璃布层压板为各向异性材料,以有机玻璃厚板为各向同性材料,利用黏附在该特定材料上的PVDF传感器群,采集并分析不同厚板和层叠板在冲击条件下弹性波的传播规律。实验结果表明,在各向异性材料上,沿纤维排列方向的横波传播速度最快,纵波的传播速度最慢;各向异性材料层叠板的纵波传播速度远慢于该材料的层压厚板的纵波传播速度;沿特定角度设置的测试通道远离材料中心区域横波的传播速度较大。基于实验结果提出有利于隔冲材料上弹性波传递和扩散的材料组合方式,即设计隔冲复合材料时加入规则排布的高声波速率的纤维材料,将隔冲材料整体设计为分层结构并且在材料边缘设置一定数量的90°锯齿形结构。

In order to explore the propagation law of the impact elastic wave on the platform, the experimental platform is built by using the specific isotropic materials and anisotropic materials. The glass cloth epoxy laminated plate is used for anisotropic material, and an organic glass plate is used for isotropic material. The PVDF sensors adhered on the specific materials are utilized to collect data, and the elastic wave propagation law of different thick plates and laminated plates under impact conditions is analyzed. The Experimental results show that in anisotropic material, transverse wave propagation speed along the fiber arrangement direction is the fastest, while longitudinal wave propagation speed is the slowest. The longitudinal wave propagation speed in anisotropic laminates is much slower than that in the laminated thick plates. In the test channel arranged along a particular angle away from the central region of the material, transverse wave propagation speed is larger. Based on the experimental results, this paper proposes a material combination mode which is advantageous to elastic wave propagation and diffusion in shock-isolating materials. It is proposed to design a composite material with high acoustic velocity by adding regularly arranged fibrous materials. The overall design of the barrier material is a layered structure and a certain number of 90°zigzag structure.