为何历史选择了服务器标准——兼论聚合链接的归责原则

Why History Has Chosen the Sever Test: on Liabilities of Hyperlink Aggregators

关于聚合链接的版权责任,各国的网络司法实践早在十几年前就开始探讨并逐步达成共识,但该问题最近在我国版权界再次成为热点。通过回顾我国、美国、欧盟网络版权法的发展历程,分析为何这些国家最终不约而同选择了服务器标准等间接侵权归责原则,而没有选择用户感知标准、实质呈现标准、实质性替代标准等直接侵权归责原则。最后讨论在网络新技术迅猛发展的条件下,如何正确适用服务器标准,达到促进作品创作和传播的双重目的。

The judicial practices of many countries studied and reached a consensus on how to defi nethe copyright liabilities of linking years ago. However, the issue has recently reemerged as a signifi cant controversy in China. By reviewing the developments of digital copyright in China, the United States and the European Union, the paper explains why these countries unanimously follow indirect liability principles like the server test, instead of direct liability principles like the incorporation test. Additionally, the paper brings forward several suggestions on how to appropriately apply the server test in the online environment to achieve the dual purpose of promoting intellectual creation and information dissemination.