从利益平衡角度论国防专利制度的改革

On the Reform of National Defense Patent System in Perspective of Balance of Interest

在当前发展阶段,国防专利制度中国家的核心利益在于保密监控、国家征用,而非对于国防专利的所有;研发单位的核心利益在于对国防专利的所有以及在此基础上获取经济收益,保密补偿居于次要地位;发明人的核心利益在于获得报酬和股权激励;建议将国防专利一律国有改为研发单位所有,进而扩大研发单位自主实施的权利,前提是要保障国家的保密监控和征用实施。

Different stakeholders have different interests in the national defense patent. The State＇s core interest lies in confidentiality and surveillance, State expropriation, rather than the ownership of the national defense patents. The core interest of research and development unit lies in the ownership of the national defense patents and the economic benefi ts thereof, while the compensation to confi dentiality only comes to a back seat. The inventor＇s core interest is obtaining payment and equity incentive. The paper suggests to grant the ownership of national defense patent to RD unit instead of the state, and expand the RD unit＇s power in enforcing the patents independently, however with the prerequisite of guaranteeing the State＇s interests in confidentiality, surveillance and expropriation.