应受行政处罚行为构成要件的反思与重构——从“三要件”到“三阶层”

Reflection and Reconstruction on Constitutive Elements of Administrative Penalty: from "Three Elements" to "Three Stages"

学说上认为应受行政处罚行为的构成要件由违法行为、过错和责任能力"三要件"组成。但是,"三要件"是一个责任要素不完整、欠缺排除违法事由和违法性认识要素的构成要件。应受行政处罚行为构成要件应由"三要件"转向由构成要件该当性、违法性和有责性组成的"三阶层"。"三阶层"是一个逻辑自洽和内容完备的体系,能肩负起违法行为识别和判断的任务。它在法释义学上也是与《行政处罚法》相契合,并在执法实践中具有指导意义的构成要件。

It is thought that the constitutive elements of administrative penalty should be composed of Mthree elements＂illegal act, fault and responsibility. However,＂three elements＇1 are the constitutive elements which have incomplete responsibility,lack elements of law awareness and exclusion of illegal behavior.Constitutive elements of administrative penalty should apply ＂three stages＂ which composes of correspondence to objective and subjective elements,illegality and responsibility.＂Three stages＊＇ are logical constitutive elements which the content are not incomplete.＇Three stages＂ could take the task of identifying and judging illegal behavior.They are also accord with the doctrines of ＂Administrative Punishment Act＂,and play a significant guide in operation of law.