微小RNA在病毒与宿主相互作用中的功能

Functions of microRNAs in virus-host interactions

微小RNA(microRNA,miRNA)是一类长度为22个核苷酸左右的内源性非编码小RNA分子。自1993年最先从秀丽隐杆线虫体内发现miRNA以来,目前为止已有35 000多条miRNA在植物、动物及病毒中被发现。它们作为重要的转录调控因子,参与细胞分化、凋亡、代谢、信号转导、免疫等多种生物学过程。病毒和宿主细胞均可编码miRNA,病毒编码的miRNA可改变宿主内环境,而宿主编码的miRNA则可影响病毒生存。本文就miRNA对病毒与宿主相互作用的调控进行综述。

microRNAs（miRNAs）are a class of non-coding small RNAs with the length of about 22 nucleotides.More than 35 000 miRNAs have been found in plants,animals and viruses since its discovery in Caenorhabditis elegans in 1993.They participate in a variety of biological processes involved in cell differentiation,apoptosis, metabolism,signal transduction,immune responses,and act as critical transcription factors.miRNAs can be encoded both by viruses and host cells.Virus-encoded miRNAs can alter the internal environment of host,and host-encoded miRNAs also have effect on survival of virus.This article aims to review the functions of miRNAs in virus-host interactions.