试论德国大学卓越计划的得失及其对我国高校改革的启示

A Study on Practice of the Excellence Initiative in German Universities and Its Inspiration

自2005年起,德国开始实行卓越计划,旨在提高大学科学研究和学术创新。卓越计划提高了德国大学的科研水平,促进了卓越人才的培养,加强了大学与社会的联系,促使德国大学更加走向国际化。但也因其带来科研经费不足、碎片化趋势、对人文学科的冷落等问题而饱受诟病。梳理卓越计划的发展路径,分析其实施过程中存在的问题,有助于探讨当前中国高校改革在外部条件层、中间决策层和学校实施层的可能路径。

Since 2005, the German universities began to implement the Excellence Initiative, which aims to improve the scientific research level and academic innovation of the universities. The program has im-proved the scientific research level, strengthened the contact between universities and the society, trained lots of qualified people and made the German universities more internationalized. However, it also has existed some problems, such as the lack of research funding, the stratification of the fragmentation trends and the de-cline of traditional humanities etc. Carding the path of Excellence Initiative development help the universities analyze the problems in the implementation of Excellence Initiative. Therefore, discussing the ways from the layer of external conditions,intermediate and schools implement is beneficial for the exploration of the possi- ble ways in Chinas universitiesyreform.