竹种中文命名范式研究

A Study of Chinese Naming Paradigm for Bamboo Species

依据国际植物命名法规最新版《国际藻类、菌类、植物命名法规》,系统梳理了有效发表于国内、国外的中国竹种,分析了林业行业标准《LY/T 2495—2015中国主要竹种通用名称》中的619个竹种的中文名称的命名范式。结果表明:以箨、秆、笋、枝、叶、花、果等形态特征命名竹种有298种,称之为"外貌党",占分析竹种的48%;以分布地点、模式产地、生境或习性来冠名的竹种有178种,称为"地域党",占29%;以典故、传统用途、人物、事件等命名的竹种有70种,称为"内涵党",占11%;以地方习惯称呼取名的竹种有68种,称为"俗名党",占11%;以竹笋品质命名的竹种有5种,称为"吃货党",占1%。剖析竹种中文名称,可以更深刻地理解、分享各竹子的种性特点,普及竹种名称的科学应用,为竹子"通名"(common name)系统的建立积累资料。

According to the latest edition of International Code of Nomenclature for algae,fungi,and plants（ ICN,2011）,we collated the bamboo species found in China published at home and abroad and analyzed the paradigm to name 619 bamboo species in Chinese,which are contained in the LY / T 2495- 2015 Common Name of Main Bamboo Species in China. The results showed that 298 species are named with the morphological characteristics of sheaths,culm,shoots,branches,leaves,flowers,fruits and so on,accounting for 48% of all the bamboo species with Chinese name; 178 species are named by distributed locations,locality,habitat or behavior,occupying 29%; 70 species are named after the allusions,customary use,celebrities and events,taking up 11%; 68 species are named by local name which were inherited for generations,accounting for 5%; and 5 species are named after their delicious shoots,only1%. The analysis on the Chinese name of species could help better understand the properties and characteristics of various bamboo species,popularize the scientific use of the name of bamboo species and accumulate the related knowledge of the common name of bamboo in systematical way.