林业生态工程建设对磴口县景观格局演变及重心迁移的影响

Effects of forestry ecological projects on landscape pattern evolution and migration of barycenter in Dengkou County

选取内蒙古巴彦淖尔市磴口县为研究区,以多种景观格局分析方法研究了林业生态工程背景下2000—2014年县域景观格局演变特征,以"包含林业生态工程景观转移数量"与"不包含林业生态工程景观转移数量"2种情形下的景观转移概率为不同规则,利用CA/Markov模型模拟了2021年县域景观格局演化状况,着重分析了2种情形下景观重心迁移特征。结果表明:2000—2014年间县域林地、水体、建筑用地明显增加,沙地明显减少;林地、沙地、建筑用地、水体动态度较高,各景观类型交错地区有较高的景观动态度;水体与林地重心迁向县域西南,沙地向乌兰布和沙漠腹地回退明显。当预测规则中包含林业生态工程引起的转移概率时,预测结果显示,2021年各景观类型将呈现出生态较为和谐的演化趋势,反之景观格局则会出现一定程度的恶化。研究结果表明,林业生态工程对县域生态保护与荒漠化防治具有决定性作用,是生态环境改善的主要原因。

To explore the influence of forestry ecological project on the local environment,the landscape evolution characteristics of Dengkou County during 2000 and 2014 were studied using multifarious landscape analysis methods.On the basis,the landscape pattern of Dengkou County in 2021 was simulated using CA / Markov model under the following conditions： either with or without the landscape transfer probabilities caused by forestry ecological project.Then,the transfer characteristics of the barycenter of landscape types under each simulation condition were analyzed.It was shown that during the 14 years studied,the area of water,forestry land and construction land increased obviously,while the area of desert decreased apparently. Forestry land,desert,construction land and water had higher dynamic degrees. The landscape dynamic degrees in the border area of different landscape types were relatively high.The barycenter of water and forestry migrated to the south-west of the county and the barycenter of desert migrated back to the hinterland of the Ulanbuh Desert markedly. The simulation results with the landscape transfer probabilities caused by forestry ecological project indicated that the landscape pattern of Dengkou County would show an eco-friendly trend of evolution,while the landscape would deteriorate without the landscape transfer probabilities caused by forestry ecological project. The study results indicated that the forestry ecological project played key role in environment improvement in Dengkou County.