上海地区绿色建筑中光伏系统应用分析

Application of Photovoltaic Technology in Green Buildings in Shanghai

光伏发电作为未来最具潜力的可再生能源之一,在绿色建筑中的应用较少,对其现状问题与发展潜力尚缺乏系统深入的调研、分析与评价。通过对2008—2014年上海地区绿色建筑案例进行调研,梳理和分析了光伏技术在绿色建筑中的应用状况,探讨了建筑中光伏发电的技术适应性、经济性及替代率等问题,为光伏技术的推广应用提供参考。

China has been the first biggest photovoltaic market in the world,which has surpassed Germany now. Photovoltaic power is regarded as one of the most promising renewable energy in the future, but it is not widely applied in green buildings. Solar radiation conditions, building adaptability and economy are the most critical factors that affect the popularization and application of photovoltaic technology. The potential and benefit of photovoltaic building are evaluated, as well as the building adaptation and economy, which meet sustainable development of green building. But it is still lack of systematic and in - depth research,analysis and evaluation on status problems and development potential of photovoltaic technology.In this work,application status of photovoltaic technology is analyzed by surveying cases related to green buildings in Shanghai from 2008 to 2014. The adaptability in different buildings and economy in different periods of photovoltaic technology are also discussed.The results show that firstly green buildings in Shanghai have been developed fast during 2008 - 2 0 1 4 , but the photovoltaic technology’ s application ratio in green buildings is relatively lower.Secondly, photovoltaic technology is most widely used in public buildings and partly applied in residence, accounted for 10. 71%, and no application cases in the industrial buildings even. From the perspective of building function, photovoltaic technology is mainly concentrated in the office building accounted for 71. 4 %, followed by the exhibition hall and residence which accounted for 14. 3 % and 10. 7 % respectively, a small part for commercial buildings accounted for 3. 6 %. From the perspective of storey distribution, Photovoltaic technology is mainly used in multistory office building,the proportion is 6 5 % and the utility ratio is 35% in high - rise office building. Exhibition hall presented highest Photovoltaic energy substitution rate followed by residence and office, shopping mall has the lowest value generally.Thirdly,PV installation potential is limited in city,but it can be developed and installed in factories, warehouses and other industrial buildings, large municipal facilities （airport,station,etc. ） and the agricultural husbandry and fishery facilities in the future.What’ s more, from the perspective of building adaptability,the most ideal installation direction is South with less deviation and more solar radiation per unit area, so PV modules should be installed facing south as far as possible. The best installation angle in Shanghai is 23°. The PV system installed with best installation angle is recommended in order to maximize the solar energy resources utilization. Photoelectric conversion efficiency increased from 12. 5 2 % to 15. 0 5 % before and after cleaning increased by 2. 5 3 % , which shows that cleaning is necessary to improve performance,so cleaning the system frequently is also recommended to improve the performance.Last but not the least, investment payback period of public buildings and residential project are relatively short, which are 5. 7 and 5. 8 years. The cost effectiveness is only 1/5 of the payback period during 2009 and 2012. Current photovoltaic system costs have fallen sharply and PV subsidy policy dynamics is big in Shanghai, so the application potential of photovoltaic technology is very great in Shanghai in the future. In summary, existing situation of photovoltaic technology’ s application has been investigated and the adaptability and economy of photovoltaic technology in different buildings are discussed. The paper helps to provide a reference for practical photovoltaic technology application.