丰城地区慢性阻塞性肺疾病的流行病学特征研究分析

Study and Analysis on Epidemiological Feature of Patients with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease in Fengcheng Area

目的回顾性调查丰城地区慢性阻塞性肺疾病的流行病学特征。方法抽取2010年1月—2014年12月就诊的慢性阻塞性肺疾病328例患者的电子档案,调查分析患者的(1)一般人口社会学情况(性别、年龄、身高、体重、受教育程度、月收入);(2)危险因素(职业、吸烟情况、家族史、住房类型、面积、烹饪条件与习惯等);(3)不同年龄组(40~49岁、50~59岁、60~69岁、70岁以上)患者肺功能分级I、II、III、IV、Ⅴ级;(4)不同年龄组患者肺功能检查最大肺活量(FVC)、一秒钟用力呼气量(FEV1)、最大呼气流量(PEFL)、FEV1/FVC、FEV1/预计值、PEF%。结果 COPD患者男女之比为1.38∶1,受教育程度,初中组与小学及以下组比例高,分别为27.74%、23.48%。月均收入≥1000元占61.89%。危险因素:职业、吸烟情况、家族史、住房类型、面积、烹饪条件与习惯等均与COPD的发病有一定的关系。不同年龄组COPD患者的肺功能分级,随着患者的年龄增长而升高。不同年龄组COPD患者的肺功能检查结果,各年龄组患者FVC、FEV1、PEF、FEV1/FVC、FEV1/预计值、PEF%的比较均有统计学差异(P<0.01)。结论丰城地区COPD的发病主要与煤矿工作人员接触煤粉尘有关,其次与每天的吸烟量的多少有关。改善矿业环境及技术装备、戒烟、加强COPD病的健康教育是预防COPD发病的有效途径。

Objective To retrospectively investigate epidemiological features of patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in Fengcheng area. Methods The electronic records of 328 patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease were extracted from January 2010 to December 2014 in our hospital. Investigation and analysis：（ 1） the general population sociological circumstances（ gender, age, height, body mass of the patient, education level, monthly income）;（ 2） risk factors（ occupation, smoking status,family history, housing type, size, condition and cooking habits, etc.）;（3） patients with pulmonary function grade in different age groups（40-49, 50-59, 60-69 years, 70 years or older） ： I, II, III, IV, Ⅴ level;（4） Pulmonary function tests are as follows： Maximum lung capacity（FVC）, forced expiratory volume in one second（FEV1）, peak expiratory flow（PEF）, FEV1/FVC, FEV1/predicted value, PEF% in patients of different age groups. Results The gender ratio of male and female patients was 1.38：1. The highest percentage of COPD pathogenesis in primary and junior high school group was 27.74%, 23.48% in education level. The average monthly income ≥1000 yuan accounted for 61.89%. Risk factors are as follows： occupation, smoking status, family history,housing type, size, condition and cooking habits etc had a certain relationship with the incidence of COPD. The lung function classified of patients with COPD was increased with increasing age of patients in different age groups. Pulmonary function test results showed that FVC, FEV1, PEF, FEV1/FVC, FEV1/predicted value, PEF% were statistical difference for patients with COPD in different age groups（P〈0.01）. Conclusion The incidence of COPD in Fengcheng region is mainly the coal mine workers exposure to coal dust, followed by the number of daily smoking. Improving the mining environment and technical equipment, smoking cessation, to strengthen health education are effective ways to prevent the onset of COPD.