日本情报文化:源流、特质与影响

Japanese Intelligence Culture: Origin, Trait and Influence

日本在特殊自然历史和文化传统基础上形成了迥异于东西方其他国家的独特情报文化,呈现出全民情报观念、实用主义情报理念和情报机构被单纯工具化倾向。这种独特的情报文化,既助推了日本情报工作发展,也导致了重大问题甚至失败。独特的情报理念引导了基础情报搜集工作扎实全面展开;崇尚"精神至上"的情报思维成为充分挖掘情报人员潜力和发挥主观能动性的巨大动力;全民情报观念构建起"官民一体"的多层次情报体系。但是,情报部门在决策过程中的作用和地位低下的文化传统导致决策与情报工作相分离的局面;过分强调"精神至上"的情报文化使情报工作常常偏离理性、客观轨道;保守的情报观念对情报工作的长期发展构成严重阻碍。日本情报文化的特征和影响,对中日构建现代科学有效的情报工作机制具有重要启示意义。

In the long-term intelligence practice, Japan has formed a unique intelligence culture which is different from the other Eastern and Western countries on the basis of the special natural history and cultural tradition, revealing the idea of universal intelligence and pragmatism. This unique intelligence culture not only helped push the development of the Japanese intelligence work but also led to some major problems or even failures. Unique intelligence concept led to a solid foundation of gathering intelligence in full swing. Advocating the intelligence thinking of'the spirit first'fully tapped the potential of intelligence personnel and played a major driving force of subjective initiative.The concept of national intelligence succeeded in building the'official-civilian integrated'multi-level intelligence system. However, the role of intelligence departments in the decision-making process and their lower status in cultural traditions led to the separation of decision-making and intelligence work. Too much emphasis on'the spirit first'intelligence culture made intelligence work often deviate from rational, objective track. The conservative intelligence concept constitutes a serious impediment for the long-term development of intelligence work. The characteristics of Japanese intelligence culture is of great significance to the construction of modern scientific and effective intelligence working mechanism.