某战区医院护士压力源调查与对策的研究

Investigation and regulation of the pressure source of nurses in one theater hospital

目的调查部队医院护士的工作压力源及应对措施的改善作用。方法通过志愿者服务队对本院护理人员进行调研,根据调查结果进行医院政策调整和心理干预。采用《中国护士工作压力源量表》对干预前、后护士压力源进行测评,应用SPSS17.0进行统计分析。结果护理人员自身因素、环境因素、医患因素、知识技能、薪酬地位是护士工作中压力的主要来源。干预前工作压力源5个方面的得分从高到低依次为护理专业及工作方面的问题,时间分配及工作量问题,工作环境及仪器设备问题,病人护理方面的问题,管理及人际关系方面的问题。而护士的工作压力源35项子条目中,得分在前五位的依次为:工资太低、护理工作的社会地位很低、工作量太大、继续深造的机会太少、晋升的机会太少。不同年龄段、不同工龄之间的护士工作压力源比较结果显示,护理专业及工作、时间分配及工作量、工作环境及资源及病人护理、总压力五项内容在<30岁组的护士其压力积分均高于≥30岁组,差异具有显著性P<0.05或P<0.01。管理及人际关系则是<30岁组的护士其压力积分低于≥30岁组,差异具有显著性P<0.05。医院管理层政策调整、落实以及心理干预后调查:护理人员对病人的护理、护士时间的分配和工作量、所从事的护理专业任务和护理工作类别、护士所处的工作环境和护理资源、护理管理工作和医护及护患之间的人际关系、压力总和等6个方面得分情况比医院政策干预前出现明显的好转(P<0.05)。结论护士面临较多的工作压力源,医院的政策调整对改善护士各种压力源具有积极意义。

Objective To explore the working pressure source and improvement effect of nurses in military hospital. Method We conducted a survey of hospital nursing staff. According to the survey results, the researchers carried out the policy adjustment and psychological intervention. This study used the ＇Chinese nurses work pressure source＇ on the intervention before and after the pressure source of nurses. Research and application of SPSS 17.0 to the research data for statistical analysis. Result The results of the first round of the intervention survey showed that the five work pressure sources in all aspects of the score from high to low in turn were the nursing profession and work problems,time allocation and workload, work environment and equipment problems, patient care, management and interpersonal problems. And in the 35 sub items of nurse＇s work pressure source,the score in the top five were：lower wages, lower of the social status of nursing work, larger of the workload, smaller of the opportunity to continue their studies, smaller of the opporttmity for promotion. The results of nurse job stressors were compared between different age and length of service were showed that the nursing specialty and nursing work, workload and time distribution, working environment and resources and patient nursing, total pressure five content in 〈30 years group of nurses, the pressure integral were higher than is more than ≥30 years group, statistically difference （P〈0.05 or P〈0.01）. Management and interpersonal relationship is 〈30 years group of nurses pressure integral in more than≥30 years group,statistically difference P〈 0.05. The hospital management policy adjustment, implementation and psychological intervention survey, the results show： these six aspects of nursing profession and work, time allocation and workload, work environment and resources, patient care, management and interpersonal relationship, total pressure were showed that the hospital policy and psychological intervention had been better effect （P〈0.05）. Conclusion Nurses face more work pressure source, the hospital＇s policy adjustment has the positive significance to the improvement of the pressure source of nurses.