日本碳排放交易机制的发展综述

A Review on the Development of Carbon Emissions Trading Mechanisms in Japan

近年来,很多国家和地区陆续建立了碳排放交易制度。日本在节能减排方面的技术和经验具有优势,却至今没有建立全国统一的碳排放交易制度。本文简要地总结了日本国内的碳排放交易制度发展历程,认为导致政府部门态度由积极转为谨慎的主要原因有:一是产业部门的反对意见,二是现有的碳排放交易制度尚不完善,三是国内实施的气候变暖对策取得了较好的效果。民间部门担心碳排放交易制度可能会对经济增长、企业的国际竞争力、就业、国际公平性等带来不利的影响。未来,日本可能会在逐步消除这些顾虑之后,选择建立符合国情的国内碳排放交易制度。

In recent years, many countries and regions have established carbon emissions trading system. Japan＇s technology and experience has advantage in energy conservation and emissions reduction, but a unified national carbon emissions trading system has not been established in Japan yet. This article briefly summarizes the development of domestic carbon emissions trading system in Japan, and regards that government departments change the positive attitude to the cautious attitude for three main reasons： the first is the industry department＇s objections, the second is the existing carbon trading system is not perfect, the third is the implementation of domestic climate warming counter measures has achieved good effects. The private sector might worry that carbon emissions trading system brings adverse effect on economic growth, enterprisers international competitiveness, employment and international equity. In the future, after these concerns be eliminated, the domestic carbon emissions trading system which conforms to the domestic sit- uation could be established in Japan.