不纯正不作为犯的中国命运:从快播案说起

Fate of Derivative Crime in China:Starting From the QVOD Case

快播案的背后,反映了学理上不限制不纯正不作为犯的边界,导致司法实践中滥用不纯正不作为犯、脱离实行行为而只根据法益保护需要定罪。中国的立法模式不同于德日,总则没有设立原则处罚不作为的拟制规定,重罪法条是以行为危险为核心。因而,以法益保护为由在中国处罚不纯正不作为犯,违反罪刑法定原则。考虑到中国文化给定了一些重罪的作为形象,立法者也预设了重罪的作为性质,应当否认重罪存在不纯正不作为犯,把一些需要处罚的不纯正不作为犯解释为作为犯和过失犯。

Heated debate of Qvod （a Chinese video player） case reveals the problem that the boundary of nontypical omission has not been theoretically set, which may result in an abuse of nontypical omission. Judicial authorities may convict to protect legal interest, regardless of actual behaviors. Legislation model of China is different from what in Germany and Japan. In our general provisions of criminal law, no principles are set for nontypical omission while felonies focus on behavioral risk. Therefore, in our legal system, penalizing nontypical omission violates the principle of legality. Given that in Chinese culture, some felonies are visualized as conduct crimes and lawmakers preset the character of conduct for felonies as well, we should deny that nontypical omission exist in felonies. Moreover, we should judge some nontypical omission as conduct crimes or negligent crimes.