论经营者集中救济措施中的知识产权许可

Intellectual Property Licensing in Merger Remedies From the Perspective of American and European Experiences

在经营者集中反垄断制度中,与知识产权相关的救济措施主要为剥离和许可。科技发展日新月异,经营者因知识产权而拥有的竞争优势在瞬息万变的市场中具有更多的不确定性,相较于剥离,知识产权许可能够更好地适应这种不确定性。从欧美经验看,能否采用知识产权许可作为救济措施,主要应考量和平衡两方面因素,其一为竞争与效率,其二为反垄断的事前控制和事后控制。知识产权许可的有效性取决于许可价格、类型、范围等因素。我国目前采用知识产权许可作为救济措施的案件主要是跨国并购案,涉及的并购方多为在相关领域掌握核心技术的大型跨国公司。借鉴欧美经验,合理、有效地运用知识产权许可救济措施,对保证未来我国相关市场的有效竞争具有重要意义。

Intellectual property licensing is generally regarded as the better way of merger remedies than divestiture for its flexibility and adaptation to the quick development and changes of technology and sciences. According to the American and European experiences, the adoption of intellectual property licensing as merger remedy depends on the consideration of balancing competition and efficiency, and different control mechanisms of competition authorities. The effectiveness of the intellectual property licensing depends on several factors, such as the price, type and scope, etc.. In China, intellectual property licensing has occurred in several transnational merger cases as merger remedies, where merger parties are generally main transnational corporations in relevant markets possessing key technologies. American and European experiences have referential significance for China to enhance the relevant practices so as to maintain the effective competition of Chinese markets.