急性下呼吸道感染患儿流行病学特征的调查分析

Retrospective study on the epidemiological characteristics of children with acute lower respiratory tract infection

目的回顾性调查分析急性下呼吸道感染患儿流行病学特征,为急性下呼吸道感染患儿的预防治疗提供参考。方法选取2014年1月-2015年8月收治的急性下呼吸道感染患儿320例,对其给予对症、营养支持等治疗,分析患儿临床特点及预后。结果 320例急性下呼吸道感染患儿所患疾病主要为肺炎、毛细支气管炎、支气管炎、气管炎,分别占73.44%、14.06%、8.12%、4.38%;调查320例患儿中,256例送检呼吸道分泌物,46例检出病毒,检测阳性率17.97%,143例检出细菌,检测阳性率为55.86%,共分离出病毒48株,细菌158株;0~1、2~7、8~12岁患儿病毒检出阳性率分别为17.92%、8.24%、4.35%,冬春季与夏秋季病毒检出阳性率分别为17.92%、7.41%,不同年龄、季节下呼吸道感染患儿病毒检出阳性率比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);0~1、2~7、8~12岁患儿细菌检出阳性率分别为52.83%、30.59%、21.74%,冬春季与夏秋季细菌检出阳性率分别为50.00%、34.26%,农村与城镇患儿细菌检出阳性率分别为48.31%、38.05%,对不同年龄、季节、居住环境的下呼吸道感染患儿细菌检出阳性率比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);320例患儿经积极治疗后总有效率为95.63%。结论急性下呼吸道感染患儿疾病以肺炎多见,病原体以呼吸道合胞病毒、革兰阴性菌为主,病毒感染与患儿年龄及发病季节关系密切,细菌感染与患儿年龄、发病季节、居住环境关系密切。

OBJECTIVE To retrospectively investigate the epidemiological characteristics of children with acute lower respiratory tract infection,so as to provide guidances for the prevention and treatment of children with acute lower respiratory tract infection.METHODS A total of 320 cases of children with acute lower respiratory infection from Jan.2014 to Aug.2015 were selected,and were given symptomatic and nutritional support treatment.The clinical characteristics and prognosis were analyzed.RESULTS The main diseases in 320 cases of children with acute lower respiratory tract infection were pneumonia,capillary bronchitis,bronchitis,and chronic bronchitis,accounting for 73.44%,14.06%,8.12%,and 4.38%,respectively.Totally 256 cases of respiratory secretions were sent to be detected,46 cases of virus were detected,with the positive rate of 17.97%,and 143 cases of bacteria were detected,with the positive rate of 55.86%.Totally 48 strains of virus and 158 strains of bacteria were isolated.The positive rates of virus detection were 17.92%,8.24%,and 4.35%in 0～1,2～7and 8～12years old children,and were 17.92%and 7.41%in winter and spring,and summer and autumn,respectively.The positive rates of virus detection in children with lower respiratory tract infection with different ages and seasons were statistically significant（P〈0.05）.The positive rates of bacterial detection were 52.83%,30.59%,and 21.74%in 0～1,2～7and 8～12years old children,were 50.00%and 34.26%in winter and spring,and summer and autumn,and were 48.31% and 38.05%in rural and urban areas,respectively.The positive rates of bacterial detection in children with lower respiratory tract infection with different ages,seasons,and living environments were statistically significant（P〈0.05）.The total effective rate of 320 cases of children after concentrated treatment was 95.63%.CONCLUSIONChildren with acute lower respiratory infection are common with pneumonia,respiratory syncytial virus and gram-negative bacteria are the main pathogens,viral infection is closely related to age and season,and bacterial infection is closely related to age,season,and living environment.