美国的“区划变更”及其对我国“控规调整”的启示

“ZONING VARIANCE” IN THE US AND ITS ENLIGHTENMENT ON THE “ADJUSTMENT OF REGULATORY PLAN” IN CHINA

我国的控制性详细规划源于美国的区划,在理论、价值、方法等方面与之有许多相似之处。对于尚处在探索阶段的"控规调整"工作而言,历经百年发展的"区划变更"工作能够为其提供一定的借鉴作用。所以,本文一方面系统地梳理区划变更的发展脉络,包括其产生、作用、批判以及改革等,并比较全面地掌握区划变更的基本管理方法,包括机构设置、权力安排、变更类型以及变更条件等;另一方面,以区划变更为鉴,探讨控规调整与之不同之处以及可参照学习之处,并借此阐释控规调整的管理要旨、角色职能、作用机理,对未来的发展趋势进行判读。

The regulatory detailed planning in China, which is derived from the zoning in the US, has many similarities with that in the US in such aspects as theory, value, and methodology. Therefore, the ＂zoning variance＂ which has developed for hundreds of years in the US can be used as a reference for the ＂adjustment of regulatory plan＂ which is still under exploration in China. This paper systematically reviews the development of zoning variance, including its generation, effect, criticism, reform, and so on, and completely summarizes the basic management methods of zoning variance, including institution setting, power arrangement, variance type, variance condition, and so on. In addition, based on zoning variance, it explores the difference between the adjustment of regulatory plan and zoning variance, as well as the good aspects of zoning variance. On the basis of the above discussion, it illustrates the key point of management, role and function, and the mechanism of actions in the adjustment of regulatory plan, as well as the development tendency in the future.