2014-2015年重庆某医院门诊儿童传染性疾病流行特征研究

Epidemiological Features of Communicable Diseases Occurred in Children Visiting An Outpatient of A Children's Hospital in Chongqing from 2014 to 2015

目的通过了解2014—2015年重庆某医院门诊儿童传染性疾病的流行特征,为儿童传染性疾病的预防控制和合理诊疗提供参考依据。方法 2016年2—5月,采用Microsoft SQL Server 2008 R2软件调取于2014—2015年重庆医科大学附属儿童医院门诊就诊的传染性疾病患儿的信息,包括姓名、性别、年龄、第一诊断、就诊日期等,根据ICD-10对诊断统一编码,分析不同年龄组、就诊月份儿童主要传染性疾病构成比的差异。结果 2014—2015年该院诊断儿童传染性疾病共242 843例,其中2014年诊断115 012例,2015年诊断127 831例。2014、2015年手足口病、感染性胃肠炎、疱疹性咽峡炎、传染性单核细胞增多症、水痘、寻常疣构成比居前6位。除传染性单核细胞增多症外,不同年龄组主要传染病构成比比较,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。不同月份手足口病、感染性胃肠炎构成比比较,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。手足口病、疱疹性咽峡炎好发在幼儿期,主要发生于5—6月和10—11月;感染性胃肠炎好发在婴儿期,主要发生在7—12月;传染性单核细胞增多症、水痘、寻常疣好发在学龄期,水痘主要发生在5—6月和10—12月。结论儿童主要传染性疾病为手足口病、感染性胃肠炎、疱疹性咽峡炎、传染性单核细胞增多症、水痘、寻常疣等,各疾病具有明显的好发年龄和好发时间。应针对儿童主要传染性疾病谱和流行特征,加强预防保健工作,引导合理诊疗。

Objective To investigate the epidemiologic characteristics of communicable diseases occurred in children visiting an outpatient from a children＇s hospital in Chongqing from 2014 to 2015,so as to provide references for the control and prevention of the communicable diseases of children.Methods From February to May in 2016,the data about the children with communicable diseases who visited an outpatient of Children＇s Hospital of Chongqing Medical University from 2014 to 2015 were collected by using Microsoft SQL Server 2008 R2,including name,gender,age,first diagnosis,visiting date.According to ICD-10,an analysis of differences of communicable diseases occurred in children among different age groups and onset season.Results The visits of children with communicable diseases were a total of 242 843 cases from 2014 to 2015,115 012 cases in2014,the others in 2015.The hand-foot-mouth disease,infectious gastroenteritis,herpangina,infectious mononucleosis,chicken pox,verruca vulgaris,were the top 6 in constituent ratio in 2014 and 2015.Statistically significant differences were found in the constituent ratio of diseases occurred in different age groups（ P〈0.05）,except infectious mononucleosis.Statistically significant differences were found in the constituent ratio of hand-foot-mouth disease and infectious gastroenteritis among different onset seasons（ P〈0.05）.Hand-foot-mouth disease and herpangina were quite specific to early childhood,the peaks of incidence were in May,June,October and November.Infectious gastroenteritis mainly occurred in infancy,the incidence peak was from July to December.And infectious mononucleosis,chicken pox,and verruca vulgaris occurred in school period; the incidence peak of chicken pox mainly was in May,June,October to December.Conclusion Communicable diseases of children mainly are hand-foot-mouth disease,infectious gastroenteritis,herpangina,infectious mononucleosis,chicken pox,and verruca vulgaris.Different kind of communicable diseases occur in different age groups and seasons with obvious features.Therefore,the prevention of communicable diseases of children should be strengthened,and reasonable management should be guided based on the spectrum and epidemiological features of major infectious diseases of children.