煤的微生物转化研究进展

Research and development of coal bioconversion

国家战略安全决定了我国能源战略必须立足国内优势煤炭资源,走以煤代油、煤炭绿色转化之路。煤的微生物转化是煤炭,特别是低阶煤洁净高效利用的最有效方式之一,并因其设备要求简单,转化条件温和,能耗低,产物利用价值高等优点,成为煤炭转化和清洁利用领域的研究热点。文中综述了国内外近30年对微生物降解煤的研究状况,主要从煤种、溶煤微生物、影响微生物溶煤过程的因素、溶煤产物的分析和用途等方面进行了归纳总结,并对微生物降解煤的前景和方向进行了展望。

National strategic security requires that energy strategy must be based on the abundant domestic coal resources. We need a green and clean way to transform the coal in order to replace oil. Biotransformation of coal is one of the most effective ways to clean utilization of coal,especially the low rank coal,which due to the simple equipment requirements,mild conversion conditions,low energy consumption,high value of biotransformation products and so on,has become a research hotspot in the field of coal conversion and clean utilization. In this paper,the research status and progress in microbial transformation of coal for the past thirty years were reviewed in terms of types of coal,microorganisms,influential factors of coal bioconversion,analysis methods and uses of coal bioconversion products,etc. Finally,the further work and direction of coal biodegradation were prospected.