中国制造业出口技术结构与就业性别歧视关系研究——基于区域和要素密集度异质性视角的实证检验

The Effects of Export Technology Structure of Manufacturing Industry in China on Sex Discrimination in Employment:An Empirical Analysis of Regional and Factor Intensity Heterogeneity Angle

时值中国经济转型关键时期,在实现出口技术对发达经济体追赶与赶超目标下,维持男女就业良性平稳增长是确保经济发展方式稳定转变的必要条件,也是实现社会长治久安的重要基础要求。为此文章借助动态面板差分GMM估计法,从区域和要素密集度异质性视角揭示出口技术结构与就业性别歧视两者之间的关系,结果表明:首先不同区域出口技术结构水平不同对就业性别歧视的作用效应不同,东部过高和西部过低的出口技术结构水平使得其出口技术水平提升均会加剧就业性别歧视,仅有中部保持在中等区间的出口技术结构水平提升有利于缓解就业性别歧视;其次不同区域两类要素密集型出口技术结构变动对就业性别歧视的作用力度不同,东部资本密集型出口技术结构提升对其的负向作用大于劳动密集型,西部则相反,而中部劳动密集型出口技术结构水平提升对就业性别歧视的正向作用大于资本密集型;最后城镇化和工业化水平提升,能够缓解就业性别歧视,劳动力需求和人力资本的作用则存在区域差异。

In the critical period of economic transformation in China, and under the strategic background of implementing the export technology structure to catch up with the developed economies, reducing the sex discrimination in employment is not only the necessary requirement to ensure the stable change of the growth model, also is an important foundation for the realization of social stability. Based on export data, this paper estimates 30 provinces＇ export technology structure, using the Diff-GMM method estimates dynamic panel model and from the empirical analysis of regional and factor intensity heterogeneity angle studies the effect of export technology structure upgrading on sex discrimination in employment. The results show that： first, various provinces and cities are at different levels of export technology structure and have different effects on sex discrimination in employment. For the East and the West where export technology structure are higher and lower, the upgrading of export technology structure intensifies sex discrimination in employment, while in the Middle where the level of export technology structure is between the East and the West , the upgrade improve sex discrimination in employment; second, the upgrade of export technology structure biased capital intensive manufacturing industry have grater aggravating effect than the labor-intensive manufacturing industry on sex discrimination in employment in the East, well in the West the reverse is the case, but the Middle is not only reverse in this case but the upgrade of export technology structure has positive effect;third, the effect of urbanization and industrialization are positive for the sex discrimination , well the demand of labor and human capital human capital have different effects in different regions.