《贪污贿赂刑事案件解释》第十六条第二款的解释进路与反思

The Explanation and Introspection for Article 13 of Paragraph 2 in ‘Criminal Interpretation of Bribery and Corruption Cases'

对于2016年《贪污贿赂刑事案件解释》第十六条第二款的规定,不应当理解为国家工作人员具有退回、上交义务,因为国家工作人员只对自己的行为埋单,否则违反了责任自负原则。对于该规定应当理解为,具有约束特定关系人将赃款退回、上交的义务,否则成立受贿罪。特定关系人利用影响力受贿行为侵害的是公务"纯洁性"的法益,处罚国家工作人员不作为的依据在于国家工作人员明知后不约束其上交进一步使得"不可收买性"的法益危殆化,这表明我国在受贿罪的立场上已经向日本刑法中的"单纯受贿罪"转变。在不作为犯的认定上,国家工作人员是否对职务便利具有排他的支配地位、是否基于危险前行为产生的保证人地位、是否具有作为可能性,都是应当被纳入考量的重要因素综合考虑。

Article 13 of paragraph 2 in ‘criminal interpretation of bribery and corruption cases＇ should not be comprehended that the public servant has the duty to return or hand in the bribe. Instead, they have the duty to restrain specific people return or hand in the bribe,otherwise bribery can be confirmed. Specific people injure the legal interest of pureness by accepting the bribe with the influence,while the reason of duty of public servant who knows the fact is based on the further injury of legal interest of ‘bribe banned＇of official act,which represents the legal interest of bribery is transferring to pure bribery. Considering the criminal omission, the position of exclusive domination,the position of duty undertaker from dangerous former action,and the possibility to take actions should be considered to determine the crime.