120例学龄前儿童单纯性肥胖的调查及影响因素分析

Investigation on simple obesity of 120 preschool children and its influencing factors

目的 对学龄前儿童单纯性肥胖情况进行调查,并对单纯性肥胖的影响因素进行分析。方法 选择2015年1月-2016年1月幼儿园在读学龄前儿童（3-6岁）确诊为单纯性肥胖儿童120例作为观察对象,设为肥胖组,另选同期120例正常儿童按1∶1配对的方法作为对照组。对肥胖组的性别及肥胖程度进行比较,并比较肥胖组与对照组儿童喜欢吃零食、甜食、喜欢吃肉、进食速度快、食欲好、家族史、运动过少及母乳喂养、父母文化程度的差异。结果 120例单纯性肥胖儿中男72例,占60%,女48例,占40%,男童肥胖的发生率显著高于女童,差异有显著性（P〈0.05）。肥胖程度：轻度肥胖92例,占76.7%、中度肥胖22例,占18.3%,重度肥胖6例,占5.0%。肥胖组儿童喜欢吃零食、甜食、喜欢吃肉、进食速度快、食欲好、家族史、运动过少的比率明显高于正常对照组,差异有显著性（P〈0.05）。肥胖组儿童母乳喂养的比率明显低于对照组,差异有显著性（P〈0.05）。肥胖组与对照组两组父母大专以上学历比率比较未见明显差异。结论 不合理饮食结构及生活习惯与遗传因素是影响儿童单纯性肥胖的主要因素;应改变不良饮食结构,制定合理的运动计划,多参加各种体育活动,才有利于降低儿童单纯性肥胖的发生率。

Objective To investigate the simple obesity of preschool children and analyze the influencing factors of simple obesity. Methods 120 children who were diagnosed as simple obesity in kindergarten from January 2015 to January 2016 were enrolled as obesity group and another 120 normal children in the same period were chosen as the control group by 1：1 matching method. The sex and obesity were compared among the obesity group, and the difference in liking to eat snacks, sweets and meat, eating fast, good appetite, family history, exercising too little and breastfeeding, and the parent education level between the obesity group and the control group were compared. Results 72 cases of 120 simple obesity were males, accounting for 60%, and 48 cases were females, accounting for 40%. The incidence of obesity in boys was significantly higher than that in girls（P〈0.05）. The degree of obesity： 92 cases of mild obesity （76.7%）, 22 cases of moderately obese, accounting for 18.3%, 6 cases of severe obesity, accounting for 5.0%. The rates of liking to eat snacks, sweets and meat, eating fast, good appetite, family history, exercising too little in obese children were significantly higher than those of the normal control group（P〈0.05）. The rate of breastfeeding in the obesity group was significantly lower than that in the control group（P〈0.05）, there was no significant difference in the educational level of the parents of the two groups. Conclusion Unreasonable diet,lifestyle and genetic factors are the main factors affecting children＇s simple obesity. The bad diet should be changed. To develop a reasonable exercise plan and take part in a variety of sports activities will help to reduce the incidence of simple obesity in children.