红军长征与“中国是一个由多数民族结合而成的国家”理论的提出

The Theory of "China as a Multi-national State" and the Red Army's Long March

20世纪前期,狭隘汉族建国、大民族主义、五族共和等思想在中国有着巨大影响。中国共产党成立后,接受了列宁的民族平等和民族殖民地理论,强调解放一切"弱小民族",但并没有对国内少数民族问题做深入研究。长征使党和红军的主要领导人亲身经历了广阔的少数民族地区,开始把马列主义解决民族问题的原理同中国的具体历史条件相结合。抗日战争爆发后,毛泽东提出"中国是一个由多数民族结合而成的国家",从理论和政策的高度弄清楚了多民族国家与中华民族整体性之间的关系,完全不同于当时的国族构建理论或民族同化论,摆脱了西方"民族国家"理论的桎梏,产生了深远的影响。

During the early 20 th century,parochial nationalism of Han Chinese,Han chauvinism and five races under one union had been higly influential in China.After the founding of the CPC,although its leaders accepted Lenin's theories of the equality for nationalities and national colony with emphasis on emancipating all small and weak nationalities,they still did not do in-depth study on domestic nationality issues.Because of the long march,the major leaders of the CPC and the Red Army personally went through the vast areas inhibited by ethnic minorities,and started to combine the national theory of Marxism-Leninism with China's specific historical conditions.After the outbreak of the Anti-Japanese War,Mao Zedong put forward his great thought that 'China is a nation consisted of multiple nationalities',which clarified the relationship between the multinational state and the integrity of the Chinese nation from theoretical height and policy level.This great thought was completely different from the ideas of 'one nation one state'or'national assimilation',throwing off the yoke of the western theory of'nation state',and brought about profound significance.