秦岭烟区不同基因型烤烟化学成分与挥发性香气物质研究

Study on Chemical Components and the Volatile Aroma in Different Genotypes of Flue-cured Tobacco in Qinling Area

为明确秦岭烟区烤烟烟叶化学成分与香气品质状况,采用差异性分析、相关性分析以及通径分析等方法,对秦岭烟区3种不同基因型的烤烟YN99、秦烟96、K326烟叶中化学成分和挥发性香气物质进行分析。结果表明:秦岭烟区烤烟烟叶的钾含量、糖碱比和氮碱比较低;与YN99和秦烟96相比,K326烤烟烟叶的糖含量较高(24.29%),总氮含量最低(1.82%),其他化学成分和比值适宜,达到了优质烤烟标准,K326化学成分含量及协调性最好。3种不同基因型烤烟烟叶香气物质种类基本相同,但含量差异较大。32种香气物质有14种至少在两个品种间存在显著差异,K326烤烟烟叶中苯丙氨酸降解产物、棕色化反应产物、茄酮、新植二烯和其他香气物质的含量均高于YN99和秦烟96,在秦岭烟区K326挥发性香气物质总量最高。烟叶中的钾和总植物碱对香气物质的影响最大,在一定范围内适当提高烟叶中钾含量和降低总植物碱含量有利于提高烤烟香气品质。3种不同基因型烤烟中K326化学成分和香气品质均为最佳,最适合在秦岭烟区推广种植。

In order to identify the characteristics of chemical components and the aroma of flue-cured tobacco leaves in Qinling area, three genotypes of flue-cured tobacco leaves, YN99, Qinyan96 and K326, were analyzed by difference a- nalysis, correlation analysis and path analysis. The results showed that the potassium content, the ratio of sugar to nico- tine and the ratio of nitrogen to nicotine were lower for the flue-cured tobacco in Qinling area. The content of sugar from K326（24.29%） was higher than that from YN99 and Qinyan96, and the content of nitrogen of K326 （1.82%） was the lowest among these three genotypes, while other chemical components and their ratios were more appropriateto the good quality of flue-cured tobacco standards.The chemical composition and coordination of K326 were the best.The types of a- roma were basically the same but theircontentsweresignificantly different among the three genotypes of flue-cured tobacco leaves. There was significant difference of ld out of the 32 types of aroma components in at least two different genotypes. The content of phenylalanine degradation, browning reaction, solanone, neophytadiene and other aroma components of K326 were higher than those of YN99 and Qinyan 96. The content of volatile aroma components of K326 was the highest in Qinling area. The content of potassium and alkaloids of flue-cured tobacco leaves had significant influence on the aro- ma components. In certain range, the aroma quality of flue-cured tobacco could be improved by improving the content of potassium and reducing the content of alkaloids. In conclusion, the chemical components and aroma quality of K326 were the best among the three different genotypes. K326 is the most suitable variety for planting in Qinling area.