旅游民俗学的学科基础与民俗叙事问题研究

On the Question of Tourism Folklore Discipline Base and Folkways Narration

民俗旅游是社会热点,也是学界显学。民俗旅游研究火爆,旅游民俗研究稀少是其现状,建立旅游民俗学的学科框架迫在眉睫。旅游民俗学是以民俗学的视角对于民俗旅游与旅游民俗进行科学研究、对于民俗旅游产业和旅游民俗文化事业开展社会服务的一门科学。旅游民俗学有着四个方面的重要研究内容:一是可用于旅游的民俗资源及其转化研究,二是对于民俗旅游的经济研究与服务,三是对于旅游者与从业者的研究与服务,四是对于旅游与民俗文化传承及其社会发展问题的研究。民俗学首先需要更新自我对于民俗的解释,才可能为民俗旅游产业提供服务。民俗的核心属性是构建认同,叙事是民俗的存在形式,通过民俗叙事拓展民俗旅游研究的空间,是民俗学家的独特优势。以语言叙事、仪式表演行为叙事和景观叙事为一体的民俗大叙事观,是旅游民俗学的研究入口。大叙事学说,民俗认同学说,可以此为基础构建旅游民俗学研究的话语系统。民俗表演的观赏性与民俗景观的观赏性,都是民俗叙事的再生产的重要内容。把民俗叙事研究定位为旅游民俗学的学科基础和前提,是因为民俗旅游不能离开民俗叙事而存在。

The folkways tourism is the social hot topic and a popular subject of study. It is current situation that the research of folklore tourism is hot while tourism folkways research is few. So it is urgent to establish the tourism folklore discipline structure. The tourism folklore is a science for the scientific research of folkways tourism and tourism folkways and also for the social service to folkways tourism industry and tourism folkways culture undertakings. The tourism folklore has four important studies： the first is the folkways resources and their changes ; the second is the economic study and service ; the third is the study and service of tourists and employees ; and the last is the study of coherence of tourism and cuhure and social development. The folklore has to renew the explanations of local customs so as to provide services to tourism industry. The core nature of folklore is to establish the common things. The narration is the existence form for the folkways. It is the folklorists＂ typical advantage to enlarge the folkways tourism study fields by folkways narration.