美国石油储罐泄漏检测技术现状论述

Discussion on Current Situation of Leakage Detection Technology for American Oil Storage Tank

国内普遍存在储罐超期服役问题,储罐泄漏风险大。应用先进储罐泄漏检测技术,在储罐泄漏初期采取处置措施,有助于提高储罐设施安全性和可靠性。介绍了美国储罐泄漏检测技术的先进经验、推荐做法、优缺点和适用范围,包括常规的人工检尺测量和无损检测方法,以及美国石油学会推荐的罐底预防泄漏系统(RPB),包括近年来新发展的储罐基础内钻孔检测法、声发射检测法和电阻探漏法等。提出了选择适宜储罐泄漏检测技术的设想,以及借鉴美国标准完善国内储罐泄漏检测技术的建议。

Storage tanks are commonly used with extended service with high leakage risk in China. It is helpful to improve safety and reliability of storage tank with applying advanced tank leakage detection technique and effective measures in early stage. Advanced experience, recommended practice, advantage and disadvantage and applicable scope of storage tank leakage detection technique in American are introduced, including conventional personal metering method and nondestructive testing method, and American petroleum institute recommended tank bottom release prevention barrier （RPB）, as well as new technique of drilling and detecting method in storage tank base, acoustic emission detection method and resistance leakage method, etc. developed in recent years. Suggestion on selecting suitable tank leakage inspection technique and adoption of American standards to perfect domestic tank leakage technique are proposed.