2010-2015年河北省手足口病流行特征分析

Epidemiology of hand foot and mouth disease in Hebei,2010-2015

目的分析河北省2010-2015年手足口病流行特征,为手足口病的防控提供参考依据。方法采用描述流行病学方法,对来自国家传染病监测信息报告管理系统中的手足口病病例资料和河北省各网络手足口病实验室的病原检测结果进行分析。结果河北省2010-2015年共报告手足口病444 825例,其中重症病例3 643例,死亡病例157例,6年平均发病率为102.34/10万;每年5-6月达到发病高峰;病例主要集中在保定市、沧州市和石家庄市,三市病例数占全省病例总数的50.54%;病例主要发生在5岁以下尤其是1~3岁组儿童,男性病例多于女性,职业分布以散居儿童为主。病原学方面,共对34 069例手足口病病例的标本进行肠道病毒核酸检测,检出阳性病例21 645例,阳性检出率为63.53%,肠道病毒71型(EV71)的构成比为38.82%,重症病例和死亡病例中EV71的构成比分别为80.44%和92.31%。结论手足口病在河北省分布广泛,有明显的季节性和人群差异;EV71是河北省手足口病的主要病原,也是引起大多数重症病例和死亡病例的病原体。

Objective To analyze epidemiological characteristics of hand foot and mouth disease（ HFMD） in Hebei province during 2010-2015 and provide evidence for the prevention and control of HFMD in Hebei. Methods Descriptive epidemiological methods were used to analyze the HFMD cases reported from National Notifiable Disease Surveillance System and etiological detection results from Regional HFMD Laboratory Net. Results A total of 444 825 HFMD cases were reported in Hebei during this period,including 3 643 severe cases and 157 deaths,with an annual average incidence of 102. 34 /100 000.The annual incidence peak was during May-June. The majority of cases were distributed in Baoding, Cangzhou and Shijiazhuang,accounting for 50. 54% of the total cases. Most cases occurred in children under 5 years old,especially in children aged 1-4 years. More cases occurred in males than in females,and most cases were children outside child care settings. Among the 34 069 cases tested for enterovirus（ EV） nucleic acid,21 645（ 63. 53%） were EV positive,the proportion of EV71 was 38. 82%. Among the severe and death cases,those caused by EV71 accounted for 80. 44% and92. 31%,respectively. Conclusion During 2010-2015,HFMD had a wide distribution in Hebei with obvious seasonality and geographic differences,the main pathogen was EV71,and the majority of severe cases and deaths were caused by EV71.